PostgreSQL does not include built-in primary election or automatic failover — that is where Patroni comes in. Patroni is a Python-based template for HA PostgreSQL using a distributed configuration store (DCS) such as etcd to coordinate which node is the primary at any given time. When the primary fails, Patroni automatically elects a new primary […]
In a microservices environment, services need a reliable way to discover each other without hardcoded IP addresses. HashiCorp Consul solves this with a distributed key-value store, a DNS interface, and an HTTP API that services query to locate healthy peers. On RHEL 9, Consul runs as a systemd service and integrates cleanly with firewalld. This […]
Network Quality of Service (QoS) lets you control how bandwidth is distributed across different types of traffic, ensuring that latency-sensitive applications like VoIP or interactive SSH sessions remain responsive even when bulk transfers saturate the link. The Linux tc (traffic control) subsystem implements this through a combination of queuing disciplines, classes, and packet filters. This […]
Podman pods mirror the Kubernetes pod concept — a group of containers that share the same network namespace, IPC namespace, and optionally storage volumes. This makes it straightforward to move workloads between a local RHEL 9 machine and a Kubernetes cluster with minimal changes. In this tutorial you will create a pod containing an Nginx […]
IPsec VPNs provide strong, standards-based encryption and are natively supported by Windows, macOS, and iOS without additional client software. StrongSwan is a full-featured IKEv2/IPsec implementation that runs well on RHEL 9. This tutorial walks you through installing StrongSwan, generating a PKI certificate chain, and configuring an IKEv2 VPN server that accepts connections from native OS […]
FreeIPA is Red Hat’s integrated Identity, Policy, and Audit solution that bundles a 389 Directory Server (LDAP), MIT Kerberos KDC, a PKI based on Dogtag, and an NTP server behind a unified management interface. It is the upstream project for Red Hat Identity Management (IdM) and is designed to be the authoritative identity source for […]
Kerberos is a network authentication protocol that uses symmetric-key cryptography and a trusted third party — the Key Distribution Center (KDC) — to authenticate users and services without transmitting passwords over the network. RHEL 9 ships the MIT Kerberos implementation and it integrates tightly with SSH, NFS, and other network services through GSSAPI. This tutorial […]
OpenLDAP is the most widely deployed open-source LDAP directory server and is commonly used for centralised identity management across Linux systems. On RHEL 9, OpenLDAP server packages are available directly from the base repositories, providing a standards-compliant LDAPv3 directory that integrates with SSSD for system authentication. This tutorial covers installing OpenLDAP, configuring the directory database, […]
IPv6 adoption continues to accelerate as IPv4 address space is exhausted, and most production servers now need to serve traffic over both protocols simultaneously. RHEL 9 supports dual-stack networking natively through NetworkManager, allowing IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to coexist on the same interface without additional kernel modules. Configuring dual-stack correctly involves not only assigning addresses […]
Let’s Encrypt provides free, automated TLS certificates that are trusted by all major browsers. Certbot is the official ACME client that handles certificate issuance and renewal against the Let’s Encrypt CA. On RHEL 9, Certbot is available through the EPEL repository, making integration with Nginx and Apache straightforward. This tutorial walks through installing Certbot, obtaining […]
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