iptables is the classic Linux firewall utility that provides fine-grained packet filtering and NAT. While Ubuntu uses UFW as a front-end by default, understanding iptables rules is essential for advanced network control on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server A user with sudo privileges Basic understanding […]
A default MySQL 8.0 installation has several security weaknesses that should be addressed before going to production. This guide walks through MySQL hardening best practices on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server with MySQL 8.0 installed A user with sudo privileges Step 1 – Run mysql_secure_installation […]
SSH is the primary remote access method for Linux servers and is a common target for brute-force attacks. This guide walks through SSH hardening best practices on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS to significantly reduce your attack surface. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server SSH key-based authentication already configured A user […]
AppArmor is a Linux Security Module (LSM) built into the Ubuntu kernel that restricts what programs can do. Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ships with AppArmor enabled by default and includes profiles for many common applications. This guide explains how to view, enable, and create AppArmor profiles. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 […]
Lynis is a battle-tested security auditing tool for Linux systems. It performs in-depth inspections of your server configuration and provides prioritised hardening recommendations. This guide installs and runs Lynis on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server A user with sudo privileges Step 1 – Install Lynis […]
After spinning up a fresh Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server, a few essential steps harden the system, create a non-root administrative account, and prepare it for production workloads. This guide walks through every step from first login to a locked-down, up-to-date server. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites A fresh Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server […]
rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter) scans Linux servers for rootkits, backdoors, and local exploits by checking for known malicious files, wrong file permissions, and hidden processes. This guide installs and configures rkhunter on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server A user with sudo privileges Step 1 – Install […]
SSH key authentication is far more secure than passwords. This guide covers generating an Ed25519 key pair and deploying it on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server with SSH running A user account on the server An SSH client on your local machine (Linux/macOS/Windows) Step 1 […]
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) adds an extra layer of security to SSH by requiring a time-based one-time password (TOTP) in addition to your SSH key or password. This guide configures Google Authenticator PAM for SSH 2FA on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server A user with sudo […]
In the current digital age, cybersecurity threats are more pervasive than ever, demanding robust measures to protect sensitive information. Traditional password-based authentication has proven vulnerable to various attacks, prompting the widespread adoption of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). This comprehensive guide explores the critical role of MFA in fortifying cybersecurity defenses, providing an additional layer of protection beyond conventional passwords.
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