Nginx FastCGI caching stores the output of PHP-FPM (or any FastCGI backend) responses as files on disk and serves them directly without hitting PHP for subsequent requests. For a WordPress site or PHP application serving the same page to many users, this can reduce PHP execution from 200ms to under 1ms and cut server load […]
Caddy is a modern, open-source web server written in Go that stands out for one defining feature: automatic HTTPS. Caddy obtains and renews TLS certificates from Let’s Encrypt or ZeroSSL automatically, with zero configuration required beyond specifying a domain name. It also supports HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 (QUIC) out of the box, and its declarative Caddyfile […]
Apache’s mod_proxy module turns Apache into a powerful reverse proxy and gateway, forwarding requests to backend application servers, other web servers, or balancer clusters. Unlike Nginx’s reverse proxy (which is native), Apache’s proxy functionality is modular: mod_proxy handles the core proxying, mod_proxy_http handles HTTP/1.1, mod_proxy_balancer provides load balancing, and mod_proxy_wstunnel handles WebSocket tunnelling. On RHEL […]
A reverse proxy sits in front of one or more backend application servers, forwarding client requests to them and returning their responses to the client. From the client’s perspective, the reverse proxy is the web server. This architecture provides centralized SSL termination, load balancing, caching, rate limiting, and DDoS mitigation without exposing backend application ports […]
Like Nginx, Apache can be secured with free SSL/TLS certificates from Let’s Encrypt using Certbot. The python3-certbot-apache plugin performs domain validation, obtains the certificate, and automatically updates your Apache virtual host configuration with the SSL directives, HTTP-to-HTTPS redirect, and modern cipher settings. This guide covers installing Certbot on RHEL 9, obtaining a certificate for your […]
Apache virtual hosts are the mechanism by which a single Apache HTTP Server instance serves multiple websites, distinguishing between them using the ServerName directive and the incoming Host HTTP header. Name-based virtual hosting (the most common type) allows hundreds of domains to share a single IP address, with Apache routing each request to the correct […]
Nginx server blocks (the equivalent of Apache virtual hosts) allow a single Nginx instance to serve multiple websites from the same IP address, distinguished by the server_name directive. Each block is an independent configuration defining the domain name, document root, SSL settings, URL rewrite rules, logging, and location-specific behaviour. On RHEL 9, server block files […]
Apache HTTP Server (httpd) is the most historically significant web server in the history of the internet, powering billions of websites since 1995. On RHEL 9, Apache is available as httpd from the AppStream repository and integrates with SELinux, firewalld, and systemd. Apache’s module architecture makes it highly extensible: mod_rewrite for URL manipulation, mod_ssl for […]
Nginx (pronounced “engine-x”) is the most widely deployed web server in the world, powering everything from small personal websites to the largest content delivery networks. On RHEL 9, Nginx is available from the AppStream repository and integrates natively with SELinux, firewalld, and systemd. Its event-driven, non-blocking architecture means a single Nginx worker process can handle […]
dnf (Dandified YUM) is the default package manager for RHEL 9 and the successor to yum. It handles installing, updating, removing, and querying RPM packages from local and remote repositories, resolving dependencies automatically using the libsolv library, and supporting transactions that can be rolled back if something goes wrong. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux, packages […]
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