The perf tool is the Linux kernel’s built-in performance analysis framework, capable of sampling CPU events, tracing system calls, counting hardware performance counters, and generating flame graphs — all without any changes to the application under test. On RHEL 9, perf integrates tightly with the kernel’s BPF and tracepoint subsystems, making it one of the […]
The Linux kernel exposes hundreds of tunable parameters through the sysctl interface, allowing system administrators to optimize network throughput, memory management, and file descriptor limits without recompiling the kernel. On RHEL 9, these tunables persist across reboots when placed in drop-in configuration files under /etc/sysctl.d/. Proper kernel tuning can dramatically reduce latency and increase throughput […]
VLAN tagging using the IEEE 802.1Q standard allows a single physical network interface to carry traffic for multiple isolated networks simultaneously. Each VLAN is identified by a numeric tag (1–4094) inserted into Ethernet frames, and the operating system presents each tagged VLAN as a separate logical interface with its own IP address and routing table. […]
Pacemaker is a high-availability cluster resource manager that, combined with the Corosync messaging layer, enables automatic failover of services between cluster nodes. When a node or service fails, Pacemaker detects the failure and restarts the affected resources on a surviving node, minimising downtime. This tutorial builds a two-node active/passive HA cluster on RHEL 9, configuring […]
NIC bonding combines multiple physical network interfaces into a single logical interface, providing link redundancy, increased throughput, or both — depending on the bonding mode selected. On RHEL 9, NetworkManager is the canonical tool for managing bonded interfaces, replacing the older ifcfg scripts. This tutorial covers creating a bond with nmcli, adding slave interfaces, assigning […]
ZFS (Zettabyte File System) delivers enterprise-grade data integrity features including checksumming, copy-on-write snapshots, built-in RAID, and efficient replication — without requiring a separate volume manager. Although ZFS is not included in RHEL 9’s default kernel, the OpenZFS project provides DKMS-based packages that work reliably on RHEL 9. This tutorial covers installing OpenZFS, creating pools and […]
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the routing protocol that underpins the internet, exchanging routing information between autonomous systems (ASes). On RHEL 9, BIRD (BIRD Internet Routing Daemon) provides a robust, actively maintained BGP implementation suited for both lab environments and production edge routers. This tutorial walks through installing BIRD 2 on RHEL 9, writing a […]
ISC DHCP (Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server) is the most widely deployed open-source DHCP implementation and provides flexible IP address management for networks of any size. On RHEL 9, the dhcp-server package provides dhcpd, which handles both dynamic leases and static address reservations from a single configuration file. Although ISC announced the end-of-life of ISC […]
A network bridge is a Layer 2 virtual switch that allows virtual machines and containers to share a physical network interface and appear as first-class devices on the local network. On RHEL 9, NetworkManager is the authoritative tool for creating and managing bridges, replacing the deprecated brctl-only workflows of older distributions. Bridges are essential for […]
Bacula is a mature, enterprise-grade open-source backup solution that manages backup, recovery, and data verification across heterogeneous networks. It uses a three-tier architecture — Director, Storage Daemon, and File Daemon — allowing centralised policy management with distributed storage targets. On RHEL 9, Bacula packages are available from the EPEL repository and integrate naturally with systemd. […]
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