DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device) is a kernel-level storage replication solution that mirrors a block device between two servers in real time, functioning as a network-based RAID 1. It is widely used as the shared-storage layer in high-availability clusters managed by Pacemaker and Corosync on RHEL 9. Unlike shared-disk solutions, DRBD requires no SAN or […]
LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) is the standard disk encryption format on RHEL 9, providing robust full-disk and partition-level encryption using the dm-crypt kernel subsystem. The cryptsetup utility is the primary tool for creating, managing, and auditing LUKS containers. LUKS2, the default format since RHEL 8, offers improved metadata resilience, Argon2 key derivation, and per-sector […]
IPv6 is the successor to IPv4, offering a vastly larger address space and improved routing efficiency, and is increasingly required for modern infrastructure and public internet connectivity. On RHEL 9, NetworkManager is the primary tool for managing network configuration, and it fully supports both static IPv6 addressing and automatic assignment via SLAAC and DHCPv6. This […]
Ceph is a highly scalable, self-healing distributed storage platform that provides object, block, and file storage from a single cluster. On RHEL 9, cephadm is the recommended deployment tool for the Reef release, using containers and SSH to bootstrap and manage cluster daemons without manual RPM installations. This tutorial covers deploying a basic Ceph cluster […]
MinIO is a high-performance, S3-compatible object storage server designed for cloud-native workloads and on-premises deployments. It provides the same API as Amazon S3, allowing applications built for AWS to connect to a self-hosted storage backend without code changes. On RHEL 9, MinIO runs as a single binary managed by systemd, making it straightforward to install […]
GlusterFS is a scalable, distributed file system that aggregates storage from multiple servers into a single, unified namespace accessible over the network. Unlike block-level solutions such as iSCSI or Ceph, GlusterFS operates at the file level and requires no metadata server, making it straightforward to deploy and maintain. On RHEL 9, GlusterFS is available through […]
iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) is a network protocol that allows servers to access block-level storage over a TCP/IP network, enabling centralized storage management. On RHEL 9, configuring iSCSI involves setting up a storage target that exports block devices and an initiator that connects to and mounts those devices. This tutorial covers the full […]
Email authentication through DKIM, SPF, and DMARC is no longer optional — major providers like Gmail and Outlook reject or junk messages from servers that lack these records. DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) adds a cryptographic signature to outgoing messages, SPF (Sender Policy Framework) publishes a DNS record declaring which servers may send mail for your […]
Dovecot is a fast, secure, and easy-to-configure IMAP and POP3 server that works seamlessly alongside Postfix on RHEL 9. Once Postfix is delivering incoming mail to a user’s Maildir, Dovecot allows mail clients such as Thunderbird or Outlook to retrieve those messages over IMAP or POP3 — with optional SSL/TLS encryption for both protocols. This […]
Postfix is a high-performance, open-source Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) that handles the sending and receiving of email over SMTP. It is the default MTA on many Linux distributions and integrates cleanly with the rest of the RHEL 9 mail stack, including Dovecot for IMAP delivery and OpenDKIM for email authentication. This tutorial covers installing Postfix, […]
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