How to Audit Active Directory Changes with Advanced Audit Policies on Windows Server 2025 Active Directory is a high-value target for attackers and a frequent source of compliance audit findings. Without proper change auditing, it is impossible to answer basic security questions: Who created that privileged account? When was this group modified? Who changed the […]
How to Configure LDAP over SSL (LDAPS) on Windows Server 2025 By default, Active Directory accepts LDAP connections on TCP port 389 without encryption. Any LDAP bind that transmits a password in clear text — including simple binds used by countless applications — is vulnerable to interception on the network. LDAP over SSL (LDAPS) encrypts […]
How to Set Up AD LDS (Lightweight Directory Services) on Windows Server 2025 Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) is a standalone LDAP directory service that runs independently of Active Directory Domain Services. Unlike AD DS, AD LDS requires no domain membership, supports multiple isolated instances on a single server, and imposes no Group […]
How to Configure a Read-Only Domain Controller (RODC) on Windows Server 2025 A Read-Only Domain Controller (RODC) is a special type of domain controller introduced in Windows Server 2008 that holds a read-only copy of the Active Directory database. RODCs were designed specifically for scenarios where a full writable DC is impractical — such as […]
How to Back Up and Restore Active Directory on Windows Server 2025 Active Directory (AD) is the backbone of authentication, authorization, and policy management in most enterprise environments. Losing your domain controllers without a reliable backup means losing user accounts, group policies, computer objects, and trust relationships — a catastrophic event that can take days […]
How to Configure Kerberos Authentication in AD on Windows Server 2025 Kerberos is the default authentication protocol for Active Directory environments, replacing the older NTLM protocol for all domain-joined resources. Every time a domain user accesses a file share, a web application using Windows Authentication, an SQL Server instance, or any other AD-integrated service, Kerberos […]
How to Install Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) on Windows Server 2025 Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) extends Active Directory identity beyond the corporate network boundary, enabling Single Sign-On (SSO) for web applications and cloud services that span organisational trust boundaries. Rather than creating separate user accounts in each application or cloud tenant, […]
How to Configure Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) on Windows Server 2025 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) underpins a vast range of Windows security features: TLS certificates for internal websites and LDAPS, smart card authentication, EFS file encryption, S/MIME email signing, and 802.1X network access control. Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) is the Microsoft […]
How to Set Up AD Replication Between Domain Controllers on Windows Server 2025 Active Directory replication is the process by which changes made on one domain controller — whether a new user account, a password reset, or a Group Policy update — are propagated to every other domain controller in the domain. Without healthy replication, […]
How to Configure AD Fine-Grained Password Policies on Windows Server 2025 Active Directory’s default password policy applies uniformly to every user in a domain — a single set of rules governing minimum length, complexity, lockout thresholds, and maximum age. For most organisations this one-size-fits-all approach is too blunt: service accounts need longer, never-expiring passwords while […]
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