AppArmor (Application Armor) is a Linux kernel security module that restricts program capabilities using per-program profiles. It is enabled by default on Ubuntu and provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC) to contain the blast radius of exploited applications. This guide manages AppArmor profiles on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu […]
Lynis is an open-source security auditing tool for Linux systems. It performs in-depth security scans of the system configuration, checks for vulnerabilities, and provides detailed hardening recommendations with a scored report. This guide runs a Lynis audit on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS A user with […]
Two-factor authentication (2FA) for SSH adds an extra layer of security by requiring both your SSH key and a time-based one-time password (TOTP) from an authenticator app. This guide configures 2FA for SSH using Google Authenticator PAM on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS SSH access with […]
iptables is the traditional Linux packet filtering framework. While UFW provides a simplified interface, understanding iptables directly is valuable for advanced firewall rules, NAT, port forwarding, and Docker networking. This guide configures iptables on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS A user with sudo privileges Basic networking […]
rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter) is a security tool that scans for rootkits, backdoors, and local exploits on Linux systems. It checks for known malware, suspicious file attributes, hidden files, and unusual system configurations. This guide installs and configures rkhunter on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS A user […]
OpenSSL is a toolkit implementing the SSL/TLS protocols and providing a full-featured cryptographic library. Understanding how to generate, inspect, and manage SSL certificates is fundamental for securing web servers, APIs, and internal services. This guide covers certificate generation with OpenSSL on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS […]
Login banners and MOTD (Message of the Day) serve both legal and operational purposes: they warn unauthorised users, satisfy compliance requirements (PCI-DSS, HIPAA, SOC 2), and display important system information to admins. This guide configures SSH banners and MOTD on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS A […]
Python virtual environments isolate project dependencies, preventing version conflicts between projects. Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ships with Python 3.12 and the built-in venv module. This guide covers creating and managing virtual environments. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Python 3.12 installed A user account Step 1 – Install the venv Module […]
Helm is the package manager for Kubernetes. It uses charts — pre-configured Kubernetes application packages — to simplify deploying complex applications. Helm 3 removed Tiller, making it more secure and easier to use. This guide installs Helm on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS and demonstrates common workflows. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 […]
Django is a high-level Python web framework with a batteries-included philosophy. This guide deploys a Django application in production on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS using Gunicorn as the WSGI server and Nginx as the reverse proxy. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server Python 3.12 and pip installed Nginx installed A […]
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