How to Set Up Network Access Protection (NAP) on Windows Server 2012 R2 Network Access Protection (NAP) is a policy enforcement platform included in Windows Server 2012 R2 that evaluates the health state of client computers before granting them full network access. NAP can check whether clients have current OS patches, antivirus definitions, Windows Firewall […]
How to Configure Smart Card Authentication on Windows Server 2012 R2 Smart card authentication implements true two-factor authentication (2FA) by requiring something the user has (the physical smart card) and something the user knows (the PIN). On Windows Server 2012 R2, smart card logon uses certificate-based Kerberos authentication, eliminating reliance on passwords for privileged access […]
Helm is the package manager for Kubernetes — it allows defining, installing, and upgrading complex Kubernetes applications using charts, which are pre-configured packages of Kubernetes resource manifests. Instead of manually writing and applying dozens of YAML files for a complex application (deployments, services, config maps, secrets, ingress rules, RBAC), a single helm install command deploys […]
How to Enable FIPS Compliance on Windows Server 2012 R2 The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2 specifies the security requirements for cryptographic modules used in federal government systems. Many organizations in regulated industries also adopt FIPS compliance to meet contractual requirements or demonstrate due diligence. On Windows Server 2012 R2, enabling FIPS mode restricts […]
k3s is a lightweight, certified Kubernetes distribution designed for resource-constrained environments, edge computing, IoT devices, and development workstations. Created by Rancher (now SUSE), k3s packages the entire Kubernetes control plane into a single binary under 100 MB, removing cloud-provider integrations, storage drivers, and alpha features that are not needed in most deployments. k3s uses SQLite […]
How to Configure IPsec for Server-to-Server Encryption on Windows Server 2012 R2 Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) provides authentication and encryption at the IP layer, ensuring that traffic between servers cannot be intercepted or tampered with even if an attacker has gained access to the network segment. On Windows Server 2012 R2, IPsec is configured through […]
Kubernetes is the industry-standard container orchestration platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerised applications across clusters of servers. While Kubernetes is typically set up using managed services (EKS, GKE, AKS) in cloud environments, installing it with kubeadm on bare-metal or on-premises servers provides full control over the cluster configuration. kubeadm is the official […]
How to Set Up RADIUS Authentication with NPS on Windows Server 2012 R2 Network Policy Server (NPS) is Microsoft’s implementation of a RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) server and proxy, included with Windows Server 2012 R2. NPS centralizes authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access—including VPN connections, 802.1X wired and wireless connections, dial-up connections, […]
How to Configure Kerberos Constrained Delegation on Windows Server 2012 R2 Kerberos delegation allows a service running under a specific account to impersonate a user and access other network resources on their behalf. Unconstrained delegation is dangerous because a compromised account can be used to impersonate any user to any service in the domain. Constrained […]
How to Harden Active Directory Against Pass-the-Hash on Windows Server 2012 R2 Pass-the-Hash (PtH) is an attack technique in which an adversary captures an NTLM credential hash from one system and uses it to authenticate to other systems without knowing the actual password. Because NTLM hashes are reusable, a single compromised credential can lead to […]
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