Introduction How to Configure Swap Space on Debian 9 is a fundamental operation for any administrator maintaining a Debian 9 Stretch server. Debian 9 Stretch ships with the Linux 6.12 kernel, updated toolchains, and a fully refreshed package archive — meaning version numbers, configuration file paths, and some dependency chains differ from Debian 9. This […]
How to Set Up Windows Server 2016 NPS RADIUS Network Policy Server (NPS) is the Microsoft implementation of a RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) server and proxy. NPS provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) for network access requests, including VPN connections, 802.1X wireless and wired authentication, dial-up, and remote access through RRAS. By […]
Postfix is a high-performance, security-focused Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) that ships with RHEL 8 and is the default replacement for Sendmail. It handles the delivery of outbound email and, when configured correctly, accepts inbound mail for local users. Understanding Postfix is foundational for any RHEL administrator who needs to send system alerts, application notifications, or […]
MariaDB is a community-developed, fully open-source relational database management system that was forked from MySQL and remains highly compatible with it. On RHEL 8, MariaDB is conveniently available through the AppStream module system, allowing you to install a specific stream version without adding third-party repositories. This tutorial covers installing MariaDB 10.5 via AppStream, starting and […]
Introduction How to Configure Bacula Backup on FreeBSD 12 is a core administration task for any FreeBSD 12 server operator. FreeBSD 12 ships with the 15.0-RELEASE kernel, ZFS as the default root filesystem, Capsicum capability sandboxing improvements, and an updated ports tree. Unlike Linux distributions, FreeBSD uses rc(8) for service management, pf for packet filtering, […]
Introduction Deploying install composer on freebsd 12 on a FreeBSD 12 machine differs from Linux in several important ways: packages come from the FreeBSD Ports Collection or the binary pkg repository, services are registered in /etc/rc.conf via sysrc(8), and firewall rules are written in pf.conf(5) syntax. This tutorial stays entirely within the standard base + […]
Introduction IBM AIX 7.1 is the latest release of IBM’s enterprise-grade UNIX operating system, running on IBM Power Systems hardware. Known for its reliability, security, and performance in mission-critical environments, AIX 7.1 introduces enhanced virtualization, security hardening, and cloud integration features. This guide covers how to set up ssl/tls certificates on ibm aix 7.1 on […]
How to Audit Linux Security with Lynis on RHEL 7 Maintaining a secure Linux server requires more than installing updates and setting strong passwords. A comprehensive security audit reveals configuration weaknesses, missing hardening measures, and potential vulnerabilities before attackers can exploit them. Lynis is an open-source security auditing tool that performs an in-depth scan of […]
Introduction Deploying manage users and groups on freebsd 12 on a FreeBSD 12 machine differs from Linux in several important ways: packages come from the FreeBSD Ports Collection or the binary pkg repository, services are registered in /etc/rc.conf via sysrc(8), and firewall rules are written in pf.conf(5) syntax. This tutorial stays entirely within the standard […]
How to Set Up Windows Server 2016 NTLM Authentication NTLM (NT LAN Manager) is a challenge-response authentication protocol that predates Kerberos in the Windows ecosystem. While Kerberos is the preferred authentication protocol in Windows Server 2016 Active Directory environments, NTLM is still used in several scenarios: when clients connect using IP addresses instead of DNS […]
