Introduction Deploying install nginx on a Debian 13 Trixie machine is straightforward thanks to Debian’s policy-compliant packaging. Unlike rpm-based distributions, Debian stores configuration helpers in /etc/default/, uses update-rc.d for older init scripts, and provides dpkg-reconfigure for interactive package configuration. This tutorial stays on the systemd path throughout. Prerequisites Before you begin, ensure you have a […]
Introduction This guide explains how to Set Resource Limits with limits.conf on Debian 13 on Debian 13 Trixie. Debian Trixie uses systemd for service management, nftables as the underlying packet filter (with ufw or iptables front-ends still available), and AppArmor for mandatory access control. Every command is designed for a minimal Debian 13 install with […]
Introduction This tutorial covers How to Set Up a Certificate Authority on SLES 16 on SLES 16. SLES 16 (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16) is SUSE’s enterprise-grade Linux distribution. It uses the zypper package manager, AppArmor for mandatory access control, and systemctl for service management. Prerequisites Ensure your SLES 16 system is up to date: […]
PostgreSQL (often called Postgres) is an advanced open-source relational database with a 35-year development history. Unlike MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL prioritises SQL standards compliance, data integrity, and extensibility over speed-at-any-cost. PostgreSQL excels at complex queries, full-text search, JSONB document storage, geospatial data (PostGIS extension), and write-heavy workloads that require strong ACID compliance. It is the preferred database […]
Introduction How to Configure Nginx as a TCP/UDP Load Balancer on Debian 13 is a fundamental operation for any administrator maintaining a Debian 13 Trixie server. Debian 13 Trixie ships with the Linux 6.12 kernel, updated toolchains, and a fully refreshed package archive — meaning version numbers, configuration file paths, and some dependency chains differ […]
Introduction Debian 13 Trixie is built around the ethos of stability and free software. Setting up build docker images with buildah on Trixie leverages the same proven Debian packaging system that powers millions of servers worldwide, while benefiting from the latest upstream releases included in the Trixie freeze. Follow each step carefully and the resulting […]
Introduction Deploying configure apache2 as a reverse proxy on a Debian 13 Trixie machine is straightforward thanks to Debian’s policy-compliant packaging. Unlike rpm-based distributions, Debian stores configuration helpers in /etc/default/, uses update-rc.d for older init scripts, and provides dpkg-reconfigure for interactive package configuration. This tutorial stays on the systemd path throughout. Prerequisites Before you begin, […]
Prometheus is a time-series metrics collection and alerting system widely used for monitoring cloud infrastructure and web servers. The nginx-prometheus-exporter (nginx-exporter) is a lightweight Go binary that reads Nginx’s built-in stub_status page and exposes the metrics in Prometheus format — active connections, total requests, connection states (reading, writing, waiting), and request rate. Combined with Grafana […]
A default Nginx installation serves content, but many security hardening steps are not enabled by default. Hardening Nginx means configuring HTTP security headers to prevent XSS, clickjacking, and MIME sniffing attacks; enforcing TLS 1.3 and strong cipher suites to eliminate outdated protocol vulnerabilities; enabling OCSP Stapling so clients can verify certificate validity without a round-trip […]
WebSockets provide full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection, enabling real-time features such as live chat, push notifications, collaborative editing, gaming, and live dashboards. Unlike standard HTTP, which is request-response, WebSocket connections are persistent and bidirectional — the server can push data to clients at any time without a client request. Nginx can act […]
