GitLab Community Edition (CE) is a complete, self-hosted DevOps platform that combines Git repository hosting, issue tracking, CI/CD pipelines, container registry, and code review in a single application. Hosting GitLab internally gives organisations full control over their source code without relying on third-party services, making it the preferred choice for teams with data sovereignty requirements […]
Jenkins Pipeline (formerly Workflow) allows defining the entire CI/CD build, test, and deploy process as code in a Jenkinsfile committed to the source repository alongside the application code. This “Pipeline as Code” approach means the build process is version-controlled, reviewable via pull requests, and reproducible across environments. Jenkins supports two Pipeline syntaxes: Declarative Pipeline (structured, […]
Jenkins is the most widely adopted open-source CI/CD automation server, used to build, test, and deploy software across thousands of organisations. It provides a large plugin ecosystem (1,800+ plugins) for integrating with virtually every version control system, build tool, test framework, and deployment target. Jenkins on RHEL 9 is typically deployed as a system service […]
The Kubernetes Dashboard is a general-purpose, web-based UI for Kubernetes clusters that allows users to manage applications, inspect cluster resources, view logs, and troubleshoot issues without using the kubectl CLI. It provides a visual overview of all workloads in the cluster — deployments, pods, services, ingress rules, storage, and RBAC configuration — making it accessible […]
Skopeo is a command-line tool for working with container images and container image registries without requiring a running container daemon or root privileges. While Docker requires docker pull to download an image locally before inspecting or copying it, Skopeo can copy images directly between registries, inspect image metadata without downloading the full image, and sign/verify […]
containerd is a high-performance, industry-standard container runtime that implements the Open Container Initiative (OCI) specification. While Docker uses containerd internally as its core container lifecycle manager, containerd can also run standalone as a Kubernetes container runtime — this is the default runtime for most managed Kubernetes services (EKS, GKE, AKS) and the recommended runtime for […]
Prometheus and Grafana are the de facto standard monitoring stack for Kubernetes clusters. Prometheus is a time-series metrics database that scrapes metrics from Kubernetes components (API server, kubelet, etcd) and from applications via HTTP endpoints in a pull-based model. Grafana is a visualisation platform that queries Prometheus and displays metrics as interactive dashboards. The kube-prometheus-stack […]
ArgoCD is a declarative, GitOps-based continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. In the GitOps model, Git is the single source of truth for both application code and infrastructure configuration — when a developer pushes a change to a Git repository, ArgoCD automatically detects the change and applies it to the Kubernetes cluster, keeping the live cluster […]
Kubernetes separates storage provisioning (creating storage volumes) from storage consumption (using volumes in pods) through two resource types: PersistentVolumes (PVs) and PersistentVolumeClaims (PVCs). A PersistentVolume is a piece of storage in the cluster provisioned by an administrator or dynamically by a StorageClass. A PersistentVolumeClaim is a request for storage by a user — it specifies […]
Helm is the package manager for Kubernetes — it allows defining, installing, and upgrading complex Kubernetes applications using charts, which are pre-configured packages of Kubernetes resource manifests. Instead of manually writing and applying dozens of YAML files for a complex application (deployments, services, config maps, secrets, ingress rules, RBAC), a single helm install command deploys […]
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