SSH is the primary remote access method for Linux servers and is a common target for brute-force attacks. This guide walks through SSH hardening best practices on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS to significantly reduce your attack surface. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server SSH key-based authentication already configured A user […]
AppArmor is a Linux Security Module (LSM) built into the Ubuntu kernel that restricts what programs can do. Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ships with AppArmor enabled by default and includes profiles for many common applications. This guide explains how to view, enable, and create AppArmor profiles. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 […]
SSH is the primary remote administration protocol for Linux servers. A default SSH configuration leaves many attack vectors open: root login, password authentication, and broad listening options. This guide hardens SSH on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS using key-based authentication, restricted access, and fail2ban. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS SSH access […]
AppArmor (Application Armor) is a Linux kernel security module that restricts program capabilities using per-program profiles. It is enabled by default on Ubuntu and provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC) to contain the blast radius of exploited applications. This guide manages AppArmor profiles on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu […]
Lynis is an open-source security auditing tool for Linux systems. It performs in-depth security scans of the system configuration, checks for vulnerabilities, and provides detailed hardening recommendations with a scored report. This guide runs a Lynis audit on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS A user with […]
Default PHP settings expose version information, allow dangerous functions, and leave logging disabled. This guide hardens PHP 8.3 on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS to protect production web applications. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server with PHP 8.3 installed A user with sudo privileges Step 1 – Disable Version Exposure Open […]
A default PHP installation exposes version information, allows dangerous functions, and may be configured permissively for development. Hardening PHP 8.4 reduces the attack surface, limits information disclosure, and protects against common PHP-specific vulnerabilities. This guide hardens PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS with PHP […]
A default MySQL installation exposes several security risks — anonymous users, a test database, and root remote login. Beyond the initial security script, additional hardening significantly reduces your attack surface. This guide walks through a thorough MySQL 9 security hardening process on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 […]
A default MySQL 8.0 installation has several security weaknesses that should be addressed before going to production. This guide walks through MySQL hardening best practices on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server with MySQL 8.0 installed A user with sudo privileges Step 1 – Run mysql_secure_installation […]
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