What accountancy practices actually need from an IT partner: the security layers that protect client records, the Microsoft 365 configuration that matters more than the licence price, and the compliance duties — UK GDPR, anti-money laundering rules and Making Tax Digital — the practice cannot delegate.
What unsupported software does to Cyber Essentials and ISO 27001 after Windows Server 2016 end of support — the rules each scheme applies, whether ESU keeps you compliant, how segregation and scoping really work, the evidence assessors ask for, and a 150-day plan to fix it before January 2027.
Does the EU Cyber Resilience Act apply to UK companies after Brexit? Yes — whenever software or hardware with digital elements is placed on the EU market, the duties follow the product regardless of where the manufacturer sits. This guide maps which UK businesses are caught and which escape, what placing on the market really means, the September 2026 reporting clocks and December 2027 full-application deadline, the manufacturer, importer and distributor duties, fines of up to 15 million euros or 2.5 percent of worldwide turnover, how the EU regime compares with the UK’s narrower PSTI rules and the services-focused Cyber Security and Resilience Bill, the unresolved Northern Ireland position under the Windsor Framework, and a four-step preparation plan for UK exporters.
A plain-language walkthrough of the vulnerability handling requirements in Annex I, Part II of the EU Cyber Resilience Act for software teams: the eight duties from SBOM documentation to free security updates, how the five-year support period stretches them across a product’s life, what a coordinated vulnerability disclosure policy must contain, how the handling process feeds the 24-hour and 72-hour Article 14 reporting clocks from September 2026, the fine bands up to 15 million euros, the mistakes that fail assessments, and a 90-day plan to stand the whole process up before the December 2027 deadline.
A deep-dive on SBOM requirements under the EU Cyber Resilience Act for software teams: what Annex I, Part II actually obliges you to document, the seven minimum data fields every component entry needs, how to choose between SPDX and CycloneDX, how to generate and store SBOMs in your delivery pipeline, keeping them current across versions and patches, the VEX workflow that makes vulnerability matching usable, what market surveillance authorities can demand, the fine bands up to €15 million, and a 90-day plan to get compliant before the December 2027 deadline.
A working Cyber Resilience Act checklist for software developers and engineering leads. Six workstreams in delivery order: inventory and classification, the Annex I secure development requirements, machine-readable SBOMs with CycloneDX or SPDX, vulnerability handling that survives an audit, the 24-hour reporting capability due by 11 September 2026, and the technical file, declaration of conformity and CE marking due by 11 December 2027 — plus the fine bands, the 2026 Commission guidance, the draft harmonised standards, a 16-month plan and the mistakes development teams most often make.
Cyber Resilience Act reporting becomes a live legal duty on 11 September 2026, fifteen months before the rest of Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 applies. This operational guide covers the two triggers that start the clock, what “becoming aware” means, the 24-hour early warning, the 72-hour notification and the 14-day or one-month final report, the ENISA single reporting platform and how to choose a coordinating CSIRT, what each submission must contain, who is authorised to file out of hours, the parallel duty to notify users, how the clocks interact with NIS2, DORA and UK GDPR, the evidence pack, the penalty bands, and a four-week readiness plan.
Cyber Resilience Act compliance stops being a 2027 problem on 11 September 2026, when the Article 14 reporting duties in Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 switch on and every UK software company selling into the European Union inherits a 24-hour clock. This guide explains which products with digital elements are caught, why a UK vendor is almost always the manufacturer, how the default, Class I, Class II and critical tiers change your conformity route, what the Annex I essential requirements mean in engineering terms, how the SBOM and vulnerability handling duties work, the five-year support period and ten-year update availability rules, the three reporting clocks, the penalty ceilings, and a twelve-month programme to reach a defensible position.
Section 80 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 deleted Article 22 of the UK GDPR and replaced it with Articles 22A to 22D, commenced on 5 February 2026. The prohibition became a permission with conditions: for ordinary personal data you may now make solely automated significant decisions, provided you notify the individual, accept representations, provide genuine human intervention and allow a contest. This guide sets out the two-part test, what the ICO now means by meaningful human involvement, the special category data rules that did not relax, where automated decisions hide inside ordinary business software, the EU divergence that catches exporters, the evidence pack a regulator will ask for, seven failure patterns and a 60-day plan.
The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 is fully commenced and there is no small-business exemption from the parts that matter. This checklist is written for the firm with no data protection officer and one person watching the shared inbox: a three-question scoping test, the five-item baseline every UK controller must meet, the conditional duties that only fire for some businesses, the new universal complaints procedure and its 30-day clock, the cookie audit behind a PECR ceiling that rose from £500,000 to £17.5 million, automated decisions hiding inside off-the-shelf SaaS, an honest hour-and-cost budget, the nine-artefact evidence pack, seven small-business failure patterns, and a ninety-day plan with owners.
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