Password-based SSH authentication is a well-known attack vector, and even key-based authentication can be compromised if a private key is stolen. Adding Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) two-factor authentication creates a second layer of defense that is independent of the key. This tutorial shows you how to configure the Google Authenticator PAM module on RHEL 9 […]
Security auditing is a critical practice for any Linux administrator responsible for maintaining compliant and hardened systems. Lynis is a free, open-source security auditing tool that performs deep system scans and produces actionable hardening recommendations. On RHEL 9, Lynis integrates seamlessly and covers hundreds of security controls across authentication, networking, storage, and more. This tutorial […]
SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) is a mandatory access control (MAC) framework built into the Linux kernel, developed by the NSA and now maintained as a core part of RHEL. Unlike traditional discretionary access control (DAC) where file permissions determine access, SELinux enforces policies that confine every process to the minimum resources it legitimately needs — even […]
ClamAV is an open-source antivirus engine widely used on Linux servers to detect malware in files destined for Windows users — such as email attachments, uploaded documents, and shared network storage. While Linux systems are largely immune to the Windows malware that ClamAV detects, running it is a responsible practice wherever Linux servers act as […]
OpenVPN is a mature, battle-tested VPN solution that supports TLS-based encryption and X.509 certificate authentication, making it well-suited for enterprise environments where certificate lifecycle management and strong mutual authentication are required. Unlike WireGuard, OpenVPN can traverse firewalls over TCP port 443, which is useful when UDP is blocked. On RHEL 9, OpenVPN 2.x is available […]
WireGuard is a modern, high-performance VPN protocol built into the Linux kernel since version 5.6. It uses state-of-the-art cryptography (Curve25519, ChaCha20, Poly1305) and has a dramatically smaller codebase than older solutions like OpenVPN or IPsec, making it easier to audit and less prone to vulnerabilities. On RHEL 9, WireGuard support is available through the kernel […]
SSH is the primary remote access method for Linux servers, making it a common target for brute-force attacks, credential stuffing, and exploitation attempts. On RHEL 9, the default OpenSSH configuration works out of the box but leaves several attack vectors open. Hardening your SSH server configuration significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access and is […]
Skaffold is a command-line tool from Google that automates the inner development loop for Kubernetes applications: it watches your source files for changes, rebuilds container images, re-runs tests, and redeploys to your cluster — all in a single continuous process with a single command. Instead of manually running docker build, docker push, and kubectl apply […]
Tekton is a Kubernetes-native open-source framework for building continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) pipelines. Unlike Jenkins or GitLab CI, Tekton runs entirely as Kubernetes Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs), meaning every pipeline, task, and run is a Kubernetes object you manage with kubectl — no separate CI server to maintain. This cloud-native approach gives you full […]
Pulumi is a modern Infrastructure as Code platform that lets you define, deploy, and manage cloud resources using general-purpose programming languages — Python, TypeScript, Go, C#, and Java — instead of a domain-specific language like Terraform’s HCL. This means you get real loops, conditionals, functions, classes, and access to the full ecosystem of your chosen […]
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