Two-factor authentication (2FA) adds a second layer of security to SSH logins by requiring both something you know (a password or private key) and something you have (a time-based one-time password generated by an authenticator app). On RHEL 8, the Google Authenticator PAM module is available through EPEL and integrates with OpenSSH via PAM and […]
Introduction How to Install Ruby on Rails on Debian 11 is a fundamental operation for any administrator maintaining a Debian 11 Bullseye server. Debian 11 Bullseye ships with the Linux 6.12 kernel, updated toolchains, and a fully refreshed package archive — meaning version numbers, configuration file paths, and some dependency chains differ from Debian 11. […]
Lynis is a battle-tested open-source security auditing tool that scans your Linux system, identifies misconfigurations, and produces a prioritised list of hardening suggestions. On RHEL 8, it is available through the EPEL 8 repository and runs entirely from the command line without requiring a daemon or persistent service. After each scan, Lynis assigns a hardening […]
Introduction This guide explains how to Install PHP 8.1 CLI on Debian 11 on Debian 11 Bullseye. Debian Bullseye uses systemd for service management, nftables as the underlying packet filter (with ufw or iptables front-ends still available), and AppArmor for mandatory access control. Every command is designed for a minimal Debian 11 install with the […]
Introduction How to Install Gradle Build Tool on Debian 11 is a fundamental operation for any administrator maintaining a Debian 11 Bullseye server. Debian 11 Bullseye ships with the Linux 6.12 kernel, updated toolchains, and a fully refreshed package archive — meaning version numbers, configuration file paths, and some dependency chains differ from Debian 11. […]
SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) is a mandatory access control (MAC) framework built into the Linux kernel and enabled by default on every RHEL 8 installation. Unlike discretionary access controls such as standard Unix permissions, SELinux enforces policy rules that confine processes to only the files, sockets, and capabilities they legitimately require, limiting the blast radius of […]
Introduction How to Install and Configure Maven on Debian 11 is a fundamental operation for any administrator maintaining a Debian 11 Bullseye server. Debian 11 Bullseye ships with the Linux 6.12 kernel, updated toolchains, and a fully refreshed package archive — meaning version numbers, configuration file paths, and some dependency chains differ from Debian 11. […]
ClamAV is an open-source antivirus engine widely used on Linux servers to scan for malware in email attachments, uploaded files, and shared storage directories. Although Linux malware is less common than its Windows counterpart, RHEL 8 servers often act as intermediaries that receive and redistribute files to mixed-OS environments, making antivirus scanning an important layer […]
Introduction This guide explains how to Install OpenJDK 17 on Debian 11 on Debian 11 Bullseye. Debian Bullseye uses systemd for service management, nftables as the underlying packet filter (with ufw or iptables front-ends still available), and AppArmor for mandatory access control. Every command is designed for a minimal Debian 11 install with the standard […]
OpenVPN is a mature, battle-tested VPN solution that uses TLS for control-channel encryption and supports both UDP and TCP transports, making it highly adaptable to restrictive network environments. On RHEL 8 it is available from the EPEL repository, and the Easy-RSA toolkit simplifies the PKI management needed to issue server and client certificates. This guide […]
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