Introduction to Windows Defender Application Control Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) is Microsoft’s next-generation application control technology, introduced in Windows 10 and fully supported on Windows Server 2019. Unlike AppLocker, which operates in user space, WDAC policies are enforced by the Windows kernel and can be protected by Virtualization-Based Security (HVCI). WDAC supersedes Device Guard […]
Introduction to AppLocker AppLocker is an application whitelisting feature in Windows Server 2019 (Enterprise and later editions) that allows administrators to control which applications, scripts, installers, and DLLs are allowed to run based on configurable rules. Unlike software restriction policies (its predecessor), AppLocker is rule-based, auditable, and can be managed through Group Policy and PowerShell. […]
Introduction to Device Guard Device Guard is a set of hardware and software security features in Windows Server 2019 that locks down a device to run only trusted applications and drivers. It consists of two main components: Virtualization-Based Code Integrity (HVCI, also called Memory Integrity), which uses Hyper-V to protect the kernel from unsigned or […]
Introduction to Credential Guard Credential Guard is a Windows 10/Server 2019 virtualization-based security feature that isolates credential storage from the main operating system. Traditionally, the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) stores and manages credentials including NTLM password hashes, Kerberos tickets, and cleartext passwords (in some configurations). If an attacker gains kernel-level access or exploits […]
Introduction to NTLM Security NTLM (NT LAN Manager) is a challenge-response authentication protocol used by Windows when Kerberos is not available—for example when accessing resources by IP address instead of hostname, in workgroup environments, or when connecting to legacy systems. While Kerberos is the preferred protocol, NTLM is still present in virtually all Windows environments […]
Introduction to Kerberos Authentication Kerberos is the default authentication protocol for Windows domain environments. Introduced with Windows 2000 and continually improved in Windows Server 2019, Kerberos provides mutual authentication—both the client and the server verify each other’s identity—and uses tickets rather than transmitting passwords over the network. Understanding Kerberos is essential for troubleshooting authentication failures, […]
Introduction to Multi-Factor Authentication Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) requires users to provide two or more verification factors before gaining access: something they know (password), something they have (phone, hardware token, smart card), or something they are (biometrics). Implementing MFA on Windows Server 2019 dramatically reduces the risk of credential-based attacks—even if a password is stolen, an […]
Introduction to Split Tunneling Split tunneling is a VPN configuration where only traffic destined for corporate resources is routed through the encrypted VPN tunnel, while internet traffic goes directly from the client through its local internet connection. Without split tunneling (full tunneling), all client traffic—including YouTube, Windows Update, and personal browsing—travels through the corporate VPN […]
Introduction to Always On VPN Always On VPN (AOVPN) is Microsoft’s replacement for DirectAccess, introduced with Windows 10 and fully supported on Windows Server 2019. Unlike traditional VPN solutions where users must manually connect, Always On VPN connects automatically when the user logs in and the device detects it is not on the corporate network. […]
Introduction to Network Access Protection Network Access Protection (NAP) is a Windows Server technology that evaluates the health of client computers attempting to connect to the network and restricts access for machines that do not meet defined health requirements. NAP checks conditions such as whether Windows Firewall is enabled, antivirus signatures are up to date, […]
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