FreeBSD 15 — postgresql12-server — multiple vulnerabilities (8 CVEs) — patch and remediation guide

📖 ~4 min read  •  Source: FreeBSD VuXML

VuXML topic: PostgreSQL — SET ROLE, SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION reset to wrong user ID

Related CVEs: CVE-2020-1720 CVE-2021-23214 CVE-2021-23222 CVE-2021-3677 CVE-2022-1552 CVE-2024-10976 CVE-2024-10978 CVE-2024-7348

Upstream summary: PostgreSQL project reports: Incorrect privilege assignment in PostgreSQL allows a less-privileged application user to view or change different rows from those intended. An attack requires the application to use SET ROLE, SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION, or an equivalent feature. The problem arises when an application query uses parameters from the attacker or conveys query results to the attacker. If that query reacts to current_setting('role') or the current user ID, it may modify

Table of contents

1. Symptom & Impact
2. Environment & Reproduction
3. Root Cause Analysis
4. Quick Triage
5. Step-by-Step Diagnosis
6. Solution – Primary Fix
7. Solution – Alternative Approaches
8. Verification & Acceptance Criteria
9. Rollback Plan
10. Prevention & Hardening
11. Related Errors & Cross-Refs
12. References & Further Reading

Symptom & Impact

On FreeBSD 15 hosts that have postgresql12-server installed, operators see behaviour consistent with the FreeBSD VuXML entry: pkg audit flags the installed version; any daemon, CLI tool, or application linked against postgresql12-server may misbehave or fail to start after upgrade; and — for security-rated advisories — the host is exposed to the vulnerabilities above. Impact ranges from a single restart cycle to full availability incidents on jails, bhyve guests, or downstream consumers that depend on postgresql12-server.

Environment & Reproduction

Reproduction targets FreeBSD 15. Confirm release, installed package, and capture baseline state:

freebsd-version -kru
uname -a
pkg info postgresql12-server
pkg query "%n-%v" postgresql12-server
pkg audit -F
service -e

Trigger the workflow that exposes postgresql12-server — multiple vulnerabilities (8 CVEs) — patch and remediation guide while collecting:

tail -200 /var/log/messages
dmesg -a | tail -200
tail -200 /var/log/pkg.log

Root Cause Analysis

Root cause is tracked at FreeBSD VuXML. The FreeBSD ports security team shipped a corrective postgresql12-server port revision; hosts on an outdated build remain exposed. Correlate package logs with system logs and kernel state to isolate the change that triggered the failure mode:

tail -500 /var/log/pkg.log
tail -500 /var/log/messages
sysctl kern.lastpid
sysctl kern.osreldate     # numeric __FreeBSD_version, e.g. 1400097

Quick Triage

Run these checks on FreeBSD 15 to confirm the failure mode and current state of postgresql12-server:

pkg version -v postgresql12-server                # installed vs available version
pkg audit postgresql12-server                     # advisory match for this package
tail -100 /var/log/messages
dmesg -a | tail -100
kldstat                              # kernel module state (for kernel/driver pkgs)
pfctl -sr 2>/dev/null || ipfw list   # only if pf/ipfw is enabled
# If postgresql12-server ships an rc.d service (script name may differ from the pkg name,
# e.g. bind918→named, php83→php-fpm), check it:
service -e | grep -i postgresql12-server && service <rc-script-name> status

Step-by-Step Diagnosis

1. List enabled services (only relevant if the package provides one).

   service -e

2. Follow live logs.

   tail -F /var/log/messages
   dmesg

3. Validate firewall rules (skip if neither pf nor ipfw is enabled).

   pfctl -sr -v 2>/dev/null || ipfw show

4. Check package integrity for postgresql12-server.

   pkg check -B postgresql12-server
   pkg check -d postgresql12-server    # verify shared-library deps

5. Reinstall postgresql12-server if integrity check fails.

   pkg install -fy postgresql12-server

6. Correlate findings with /var/log/pkg.log and FreeBSD VuXML to pin the commit that introduced postgresql12-server — multiple vulnerabilities (8 CVEs) — patch and remediation guide.

Solution – Primary Fix

Install the corrective postgresql12-server port revision referenced by FreeBSD VuXML:

sudo pkg update
sudo pkg upgrade postgresql12-server              # or: sudo pkg upgrade -y for the whole system
# If postgresql12-server provides an rc.d service, restart it (script name may differ from pkg name):
# sudo service <rc-script-name> restart
pkg audit postgresql12-server                    # confirm no remaining advisory for this package

For ports-tree builders (FreeBSD 13.x and earlier used portsnap; on FreeBSD 14+ the ports tree is fetched with Git):

# FreeBSD 14+ (portsnap was removed):
sudo pkg install -y git-lite
sudo git clone --depth 1 https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git /usr/ports
# FreeBSD 13.x and earlier:
# sudo portsnap fetch update
cd /usr/ports/<category>/postgresql12-server
sudo make deinstall reinstall clean

Reboot only if the package ships a kernel module or replaces a shared library used by long-running daemons.

Solution – Alternative Approaches

If the primary fix is not viable, choose from these alternatives:

• Lock the package until the fix is vetted:

  sudo pkg lock postgresql12-server

• Downgrade to a known-good revision. pkg install pkgname-VERSION is not a real downgrade syntax — fetch a specific build instead:

  # 1. Discover available versions across configured repos:
  pkg search -e postgresql12-server
  pkg rquery -r FreeBSD-quarterly '%n-%v' postgresql12-server
  # 2. Install from a specific saved .pkg file:
  sudo pkg add -f /path/to/postgresql12-server-<older-version>.pkg
  # 3. Or switch the host repo to the quarterly branch (see snippet below) and:
  sudo pkg upgrade -fr FreeBSD-quarterly postgresql12-server

• Switch the pkg repository between quarterly and latest by editing /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf:

  FreeBSD: {
    url: "pkg+https://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/quarterly",
    mirror_type: "srv",
    signature_type: "fingerprints",
    fingerprints: "/usr/share/keys/pkg",
    enabled: yes
  }

• Isolate the affected service in a jail with stricter firewall rules:

  iocage create -n postgresql12-server-jail -r 15.0-CURRENT
  iocage set allow_raw_sockets=0 postgresql12-server-jail
  # or with Bastille:
  bastille create postgresql12-server-jail 15.0-CURRENT 10.0.0.10

• Replace the service with a vendored static build for the period between exposure detection and full rollout.

Verification & Acceptance Criteria

All of these should pass after the fix:

pkg info postgresql12-server                # shows the expected fixed version
pkg audit postgresql12-server               # no advisory for this package (exit code 0)
tail -50 /var/log/messages   # no new errors after upgrade
# If postgresql12-server ships a service, confirm it is running under its rc.d name:
# service <rc-script-name> status

The original reproduction for postgresql12-server — multiple vulnerabilities (8 CVEs) — patch and remediation guide must not trigger across two consecutive runs.

Rollback Plan

Capture state before any change (only ZFS root has boot environments — UFS hosts skip bectl):

pkg query "%n-%v" > /root/pkg-pre.txt
# ZFS-on-root only:
sudo bectl create pre-postgresql12-server-patch

To revert if the upgrade is bad, reinstall the previously saved .pkg file:

sudo pkg add -f /var/cache/pkg/postgresql12-server-<previous-version>.pkg
# Or activate the pre-patch boot environment and reboot (ZFS-on-root only):
sudo bectl activate pre-postgresql12-server-patch
sudo shutdown -r now

For kernel/loader changes on a UFS host, boot the previous kernel from the loader prompt (press 3 at the menu, then boot kernel.old).

Prevention & Hardening

Prevent recurrence on FreeBSD 15 hosts running postgresql12-server:

• Enable the daily security pkg audit in /etc/periodic.conf:

  daily_status_security_pkgaudit_enable="YES"

• Subscribe to freebsd-security-notifications at lists.freebsd.org.

• Mirror through a local pkg repository managed by poudriere:

  poudriere jail -c -j 15amd64 -v 15.0-CURRENT
  poudriere ports -c -p default
  poudriere bulk -j 15amd64 -p default <category>/postgresql12-server

• Version-pin sensitive packages:

  sudo pkg lock postgresql12-server

• Take an automatic ZFS boot-environment snapshot before every upgrade (ZFS root only):

  sudo bectl create pre-upgrade-$(date +%Y%m%d)

• Monitor file integrity (create a baseline, verify against it later):

  # Create a baseline (use -c; target /usr/local/etc, /etc, /boot — NOT /):
  sudo mtree -c -K sha256digest -p /usr/local/etc > /var/db/usr-local-etc.mtree
  sudo mtree -c -K sha256digest -p /etc          > /var/db/etc.mtree
  # Verify later:
  sudo mtree -p /usr/local/etc < /var/db/usr-local-etc.mtree
  # Or with AIDE for a richer ruleset:
  sudo pkg install -y aide && sudo aide --init && sudo aide --check

• Harden jails with allow.* tunables in /etc/jail.conf:

  postgresql12-server_jail {
    allow.raw_sockets = 0;
    allow.sysvipc    = 0;
    allow.mount      = 0;
    allow.chflags    = 0;
  }

Related Errors & Cross-Refs

Issues that commonly surface alongside postgresql12-server — multiple vulnerabilities (8 CVEs) — patch and remediation guide: pkg lock contention, mismatched ABI after kernel/userland skew, pf rule drift, and stale shared-library references after upgrade. Triage with:

freebsd-version -kru
uname -K
pkg check -d
pfctl -sr

View all freebsd-15 tutorials on the Tutorials Hub →

Browse all common problems & solutions on the Tutorials Hub.

References & Further Reading

Primary reference: FreeBSD VuXML. Useful manual pages on FreeBSD 15:

man pkg
man freebsd-update
man pfctl
man ipfw
man bectl
man periodic.conf

Other resources: the FreeBSD Handbook, the FreeBSD Security Advisories at security.freebsd.org, and the /usr/ports/UPDATING file for port-specific notes implicated in postgresql12-server — multiple vulnerabilities (8 CVEs) — patch and remediation guide.