Ubuntu 18.04 — containerd — multiple vulnerabilities (14 CVEs) — patch and remediation guide

📖 ~4 min read  •  Source: Ubuntu Security Notice USN-7983-1

Related CVEs: CVE-2025-64329 CVE-2024-25621 CVE-2024-40635 CVE-2023-25153 CVE-2023-25173 CVE-2022-23471 CVE-2022-24769 CVE-2022-24778  +6 more

Upstream summary: David Leadbeater discovered that containerd incorrectly set certain
directory path permissions. An attacker could possibly use this issue to
achieve unauthorised access to the files. (CVE-2024-25621)

It was discovered that containerd did not properly handle the execution
of the goroutine of container attach. An attacker could possibly use this
issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2025-64329)

Table of contents

1. Symptom & Impact
2. Environment & Reproduction
3. Root Cause Analysis
4. Quick Triage
5. Step-by-Step Diagnosis
6. Solution – Primary Fix
7. Solution – Alternative Approaches
8. Verification & Acceptance Criteria
9. Rollback Plan
10. Prevention & Hardening
11. Related Errors & Cross-Refs
12. References & Further Reading

Symptom & Impact

containerd runs when an image is pulled, unpacked, inspected or a container is started, so a defect here is normally reached through untrusted image content or a registry response rather than inbound traffic to a listening port. On Ubuntu 18.04 that shows up as escapes from the container’s namespaces, files written outside the intended root during buildah or podman build, mount and capability handling that grants more than was requested, and images produced before the update carrying the defect onward to every host that pulls them. containerd is container tooling — command-line binaries invoked per operation, though a node runtime such as cri-o does run as a unit — so restart steps apply to that runtime and to containers still running the old code, not to containerd itself.

Environment & Reproduction

Reproduction targets Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic). Confirm release and installed package:

lsb_release -a
cat /etc/os-release
dpkg -l containerd | tail -2
apt-cache policy containerd
uname -r

Exercise the workload that uses containerd while collecting:

sudo journalctl -u containerd -b --no-pager | tail -200
sudo journalctl -xe --no-pager | tail -200
sudo tail -200 /var/log/apt/history.log
sudo tail -200 /var/log/kern.log | grep -i apparmor

Root Cause Analysis

Root cause is documented in Ubuntu Security Notice USN-7983-1. Canonical security maintainers shipped fixes in the corresponding containerd update for Ubuntu 18.04; running an outdated build leaves the host exposed to the failure modes described in the advisory. On this release the fix typically arrives via the Ubuntu Pro ESM (esm-infra / esm-apps) channels rather than the standard archive. Correlate apt history with the journal:

grep -A2 -B2 containerd /var/log/apt/history.log
zgrep -A2 -B2 containerd /var/log/apt/history.log.*.gz 2>/dev/null
cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted   # non-zero = tainted kernel / out-of-tree modules

Quick Triage

Run these on Ubuntu 18.04 to capture the current state of containerd:

dpkg -l containerd | tail -1                  # installed version
dpkg -V containerd                             # verify shipped files
sudo apt update && apt list --upgradable 2>/dev/null | grep -i security
systemctl is-active containerd
sudo ufw status verbose 2>/dev/null | head -20
sudo aa-status 2>/dev/null | head -20
# If containerd ships a service unit (unit/job name often differs from pkg name, e.g.
# bind9→named, apache2→apache2, postgresql-NN→postgresql@NN-main):
systemctl list-unit-files | grep -i containerd | head

On bionic the standard archive no longer ships security fixes. Verify Ubuntu Pro ESM coverage:

# Ubuntu Pro CLI is the standard tool:
sudo pro status --format=json 2>/dev/null | head
apt-cache policy | grep -i esm

Step-by-Step Diagnosis

1. List failing services.

   systemctl --failed --no-pager

2. Tail the journal / syslog for containerd.

   sudo journalctl -u containerd -f --no-pager
   sudo journalctl -xe -f --no-pager

3. Inspect UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) state.

   sudo ufw status numbered
   sudo ufw show added
   sudo iptables -L -n -v | head -30

4. Surface AppArmor denials and switch the profile to complain mode if needed.

   sudo journalctl -k 2>/dev/null | grep -i 'apparmor="DENIED"' | tail -30
   sudo aa-status
   # /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.containerd or usr.sbin.containerd — inspect first
   sudo aa-complain /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.containerd 2>/dev/null || true

5. Verify containerd integrity and reinstall if anything is altered.

   sudo dpkg -V containerd
   sudo debsums -c containerd 2>/dev/null
   sudo apt install --reinstall -y containerd

6. Correlate findings with /var/log/apt/history.log, /var/log/dpkg.log, and Ubuntu Security Notice USN-7983-1 to pin the change that introduced the regression.

Solution – Primary Fix

Apply the corrective apt transaction referenced by Ubuntu Security Notice USN-7983-1, then reload the affected service:

sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install --only-upgrade containerd
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
# Service name may differ from pkg name; check first:
systemctl list-unit-files | grep -i containerd | head
sudo systemctl restart containerd
dpkg -l containerd | tail -1            # confirm new version
systemctl is-active containerd

On bionic the standard archive is past EoL for security; enable Ubuntu Pro ESM to receive the fix:

# Standard pro CLI:
sudo pro attach <token>
sudo pro enable esm-infra
sudo pro enable esm-apps
sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install --only-upgrade containerd

For kernel / glibc / systemd / openssl advisories a reboot (or Livepatch) is required:

sudo apt install -y needrestart
sudo needrestart -r l       # list units that need restart
sudo systemctl reboot       # or: sudo shutdown -r now
# Livepatch (Ubuntu Pro) avoids reboot for many kernel CVEs:
sudo canonical-livepatch status
sudo canonical-livepatch refresh

Solution – Alternative Approaches

If the primary upgrade is not viable, pick from these:

• Hold the package so apt cannot upgrade it:

  sudo apt-mark hold containerd
  apt-mark showhold | grep containerd
  # Release the hold later with:
  sudo apt-mark unhold containerd

• Pin a known-good version via apt preferences:

  # /etc/apt/preferences.d/containerd.pref
  Package: containerd
  Pin: version <good-version>
  Pin-Priority: 1001

• Downgrade to an older version if a regression is suspected:

  apt-cache madison containerd
  sudo apt install --allow-downgrades -y containerd=<older-version>

• Investigate AppArmor blocking the new binary; switch to complain briefly, capture denials, then re-enforce:

  sudo aa-complain /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.containerd 2>/dev/null
  # reproduce the failure
  sudo journalctl -k | grep apparmor | tail
  sudo aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.containerd 2>/dev/null

• Apply Canonical Livepatch (Ubuntu Pro) to land kernel fixes without reboot:

  sudo canonical-livepatch status
  sudo canonical-livepatch refresh

• Take only the security pocket update and defer the full point-release upgrade:

  sudo apt -y install --only-upgrade -t bionic-security containerd

Verification & Acceptance Criteria

All of these should pass after the fix is applied:

dpkg -l containerd | tail -1                                  # expected fixed version
apt list --upgradable 2>/dev/null | grep -i security || echo OK
systemctl is-active containerd
sudo journalctl -u containerd --since "5 minutes ago" --no-pager | grep -iE "error|fail" || echo OK
sudo ufw status numbered | head
sudo aa-status 2>/dev/null | head -5

The conditions described in the advisory must no longer be reported for containerd across two consecutive runs.

Rollback Plan

Capture state before any change:

apt list --installed 2>/dev/null > /root/apt-pre.txt
dpkg --get-selections > /root/dpkg-pre.txt
# ZFS-on-root (Ubuntu 20.04+ default installer option):
sudo zfs snapshot rpool/ROOT/ubuntu@pre-containerd
# LVM-on-root:
sudo lvcreate -L 4G -s -n root_pre_patch /dev/<vg>/<root-lv>

To revert:

sudo apt install --allow-downgrades -y containerd=<old-version>
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart containerd
# Kernel rollback: pick the prior kernel from the GRUB menu, then:
sudo systemctl reboot
# ZFS rollback (rolls the whole root dataset):
sudo zfs rollback -r rpool/ROOT/ubuntu@pre-containerd

Prevention & Hardening

Reduce the chance of this recurring on Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic):

• Enable scheduled security updates via unattended-upgrades:

  sudo apt install -y unattended-upgrades update-notifier-common
  sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
  # /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades:
  Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins { "${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-security"; };

• Install needrestart so services restart automatically after library upgrades:

  sudo apt install -y needrestart
  # /etc/needrestart/needrestart.conf -> $nrconf{restart} = 'a';

• Attach Ubuntu Pro for ESM (mandatory on this past-EoL release) and Livepatch where supported:

  sudo pro attach <token>
  sudo pro enable esm-infra
  sudo pro enable esm-apps
  sudo pro enable livepatch

• Subscribe to ubuntu-security-announce and watch ubuntu.com/security/cves.

• Monitor file integrity with debsums and AIDE:

  sudo apt install -y debsums aide
  sudo debsums -ca
  sudo aideinit && sudo mv /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new /var/lib/aide/aide.db
  sudo aide --check

• For estate-wide patching, manage with Canonical Landscape:

  sudo apt install -y landscape-client
  sudo landscape-config

• Keep AppArmor profiles in enforce mode and apply CIS Ubuntu Linux Benchmark hardening.

Related Errors & Cross-Refs

Issues that commonly surface alongside a containerd update: apt lock contention, broken dpkg state, systemd ordering cycles, AppArmor denials, and UFW rule drift. Useful triage:

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt --fix-broken install
systemd-analyze critical-chain
sudo journalctl -k 2>/dev/null | grep -i apparmor | tail
cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted

View all ubuntu-18-04 tutorials on the Tutorials Hub →

Browse all common problems & solutions on the Tutorials Hub.

References & Further Reading

Primary reference: Ubuntu Security Notice USN-7983-1. Manual pages useful on Ubuntu 18.04:

man apt
man apt-get
man apt-mark
man dpkg
man systemctl
man journalctl
man ufw
man apparmor
man aa-status
man unattended-upgrades
man canonical-livepatch
man pro

Other resources: Ubuntu Security Notices, Ubuntu CVE Tracker, Ubuntu upgrade notes, and per-package notes in /usr/share/doc/containerd/ for components implicated in this advisory.