Running your own Certificate Authority (CA) with OpenSSL gives you complete control over the certificates issued to your internal services, enabling mutual TLS, encrypted internal APIs, and custom certificate policies without relying on commercial CAs for private infrastructure. On RHEL 8, OpenSSL is pre-installed and the system trust store is managed through the ca-trust framework, […]
SELinux Mandatory Access Control (MAC) confines processes to only the resources they legitimately need, limiting the damage an attacker can do even after exploiting a vulnerability. While RHEL 8 ships with broad pre-built policies for common services, custom applications often generate AVC (Access Vector Cache) denial messages because no policy exists for them yet. Rather […]
HashiCorp Vault is an industry-standard secrets management platform that stores, generates, and controls access to sensitive values such as API keys, database passwords, TLS certificates, and encryption keys. Unlike storing secrets in environment variables or configuration files, Vault provides audit logging, dynamic credentials with short TTLs, and fine-grained access policies. On RHEL 8, Vault installs […]
Suricata is a high-performance, open-source network threat detection engine that can operate as an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to alert on suspicious traffic, or as an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) to actively block it. On RHEL 8, Suricata integrates naturally with firewalld‘s NFQUEUE target for inline packet inspection, and its Lua scripting and Eve JSON […]
Port knocking is a stealthy technique that keeps SSH’s port 22 invisible to network scanners until a client sends a precise sequence of connection attempts to predetermined ports. On RHEL 8, combining knockd with firewalld creates a powerful two-layer defense: the firewall silently drops all traffic on port 22 by default, and only the knock […]
The Linux kernel exposes hundreds of tunable parameters through the /proc/sys virtual filesystem, and sysctl is the tool used to read and write these values persistently. Many default kernel settings prioritize compatibility and functionality over security, leaving attack surface that can be closed with targeted configuration. On RHEL 8, persistent sysctl settings are stored in […]
Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) is the authentication framework at the heart of every RHEL 8 login, password change, and session management operation. PAM allows system administrators to configure authentication policies without modifying individual applications — by editing stack files in /etc/pam.d/, you can enforce account lockout after failed attempts, require strong passwords, limit resource usage, […]
AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) is a host-based intrusion detection tool that detects unauthorized changes to files and directories by comparing a live system snapshot against a baseline database. On RHEL 8, AIDE is available directly from the standard repositories and integrates cleanly with systemd for scheduled integrity checks. Detecting modified binaries, configuration files, or […]
Login banners are a critical security control that display legal warnings before and after users authenticate to a system. On RHEL 8, three separate mechanisms control banner messages: /etc/issue for local console pre-login text, /etc/issue.net for SSH pre-login banners, and /etc/motd for the message of the day shown after login. Properly configured banners inform authorized […]
SSL/TLS certificates are the foundation of encrypted communications on the internet, authenticating servers and encrypting data in transit. On RHEL 8, OpenSSL provides a full-featured toolkit for creating your own Certificate Authority, generating server certificates, and managing the entire certificate lifecycle. Understanding this process is essential for securing internal services without relying on external providers. […]
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