SSH is the primary remote access method for Linux servers and is a common target for brute-force attacks. This guide walks through SSH hardening best practices on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS to significantly reduce your attack surface. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server SSH key-based authentication already configured A user […]
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) adds an extra layer of security to SSH by requiring a time-based one-time password (TOTP) in addition to your SSH key or password. This guide configures Google Authenticator PAM for SSH 2FA on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server A user with sudo […]
Login banners warn users of authorised use policies and can have legal implications for intruders. This guide configures pre-login SSH banners, post-login MOTD messages, and terminal login warnings on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server A user with sudo privileges Step 1 – Create an SSH […]
SSH is the primary remote administration protocol for Linux servers. A default SSH configuration leaves many attack vectors open: root login, password authentication, and broad listening options. This guide hardens SSH on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS using key-based authentication, restricted access, and fail2ban. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS SSH access […]
Two-factor authentication (2FA) for SSH adds an extra layer of security by requiring both your SSH key and a time-based one-time password (TOTP) from an authenticator app. This guide configures 2FA for SSH using Google Authenticator PAM on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS SSH access with […]
Login banners and MOTD (Message of the Day) serve both legal and operational purposes: they warn unauthorised users, satisfy compliance requirements (PCI-DSS, HIPAA, SOC 2), and display important system information to admins. This guide configures SSH banners and MOTD on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS A […]
SSH key authentication is far more secure than password-based login. A cryptographic key pair — private key on your machine, public key on the server — lets you connect without a password and protects against brute-force attacks. This guide covers generating a key pair and deploying it on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: […]
Fail2Ban monitors log files and automatically bans IP addresses that show signs of brute-force activity — too many failed login attempts, repeated bad requests, or other malicious patterns. This guide installs and configures Fail2Ban on Ubuntu 26.04 LTS to protect SSH and other services. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 26.04 LTS […]
SSH key authentication is far more secure than passwords. This guide covers generating an Ed25519 key pair and deploying it on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server with SSH running A user account on the server An SSH client on your local machine (Linux/macOS/Windows) Step 1 […]
Fail2Ban monitors log files and automatically bans IP addresses showing brute-force patterns. This guide installs and configures Fail2Ban on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS to protect SSH and other services. Tested and valid on: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Prerequisites Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server A user with sudo privileges UFW or iptables installed and active Step 1 – Install […]
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