Networking

How to Configure SSL/TLS with OpenSSL and Self-Signed Certificates on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Configure SSL/TLS with OpenSSL and Self-Signed Certificates on RHEL 9

  • November 10, 2025
  • Linux
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Even when free trusted certificates from Let’s Encrypt are available for public domains, self-signed certificates serve important roles: development environments, internal network services, IoT devices, automated testing pipelines, and machine-to-machine communication within a private network. Unlike Let’s Encrypt certificates, self-signed certificates require no domain ownership verification or outbound internet access — they can be generated […]

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How to Set Up a LAMP Stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Set Up a LAMP Stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) on RHEL 9

  • November 10, 2025
  • Linux
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A LAMP stack — Linux, Apache HTTP Server, MySQL (or MariaDB), and PHP — is the original and most widely deployed open-source web hosting stack. It has powered millions of websites since the early 2000s and remains the default for hosting control panels (cPanel, Plesk, DirectAdmin) and many shared hosting environments. Apache’s .htaccess support, mod_rewrite, […]

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How to Configure HAProxy for HTTP and TCP Load Balancing on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Configure HAProxy for HTTP and TCP Load Balancing on RHEL 9

  • November 9, 2025
  • Linux
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HAProxy (High Availability Proxy) is a battle-hardened open-source load balancer and proxy for TCP and HTTP workloads. Where Nginx load balancing is sufficient for simple round-robin HTTP distribution, HAProxy provides a richer feature set: advanced health checks with multiple failure thresholds, ACL-based routing, Layer 4 TCP load balancing for non-HTTP protocols (MySQL, Redis, SMTP), detailed […]

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How to Configure Nginx Rate Limiting and Connection Throttling on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Configure Nginx Rate Limiting and Connection Throttling on RHEL 9

  • November 8, 2025
  • Linux
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Rate limiting is a server-side defence that restricts how many requests a client can make within a time window. Without rate limiting, a single IP address or bot can flood your server with thousands of requests per second — crashing your application, exhausting your database connection pool, or triggering denial-of-service conditions. Nginx provides two rate […]

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How to Set Up ModSecurity WAF with Apache on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Set Up ModSecurity WAF with Apache on RHEL 9

  • November 8, 2025
  • Linux
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ModSecurity is the leading open-source Web Application Firewall (WAF), capable of inspecting all HTTP requests and responses against a ruleset and blocking malicious traffic including SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), remote file inclusion, and OWASP Top 10 attack patterns. Combined with the OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS), ModSecurity transforms Apache into a security gateway that […]

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How to Enable HTTP/2 with Nginx on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Enable HTTP/2 with Nginx on RHEL 9

  • November 7, 2025
  • Linux
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HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP protocol, standardised in 2015, and offers significant performance improvements over HTTP/1.1: header compression (HPACK), multiplexing (multiple requests over a single connection), server push, and binary framing. On a typical webpage with dozens of assets (CSS, JavaScript, images, fonts), HTTP/2 multiplexing eliminates the head-of-line blocking that forces […]

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How to Configure Apache mod_proxy as a Reverse Proxy on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Configure Apache mod_proxy as a Reverse Proxy on RHEL 9

  • November 7, 2025
  • Linux
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Apache’s mod_proxy module turns Apache into a powerful reverse proxy and gateway, forwarding requests to backend application servers, other web servers, or balancer clusters. Unlike Nginx’s reverse proxy (which is native), Apache’s proxy functionality is modular: mod_proxy handles the core proxying, mod_proxy_http handles HTTP/1.1, mod_proxy_balancer provides load balancing, and mod_proxy_wstunnel handles WebSocket tunnelling. On RHEL […]

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How to Configure Nginx as a Reverse Proxy on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Configure Nginx as a Reverse Proxy on RHEL 9

  • November 7, 2025
  • Linux
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A reverse proxy sits in front of one or more backend application servers, forwarding client requests to them and returning their responses to the client. From the client’s perspective, the reverse proxy is the web server. This architecture provides centralized SSL termination, load balancing, caching, rate limiting, and DDoS mitigation without exposing backend application ports […]

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How to Configure Apache Virtual Hosts on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Configure Apache Virtual Hosts on RHEL 9

  • November 6, 2025
  • Linux
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Apache virtual hosts are the mechanism by which a single Apache HTTP Server instance serves multiple websites, distinguishing between them using the ServerName directive and the incoming Host HTTP header. Name-based virtual hosting (the most common type) allows hundreds of domains to share a single IP address, with Apache routing each request to the correct […]

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How to Install Apache HTTP Server on RHEL 9 — step-by-step RHEL 9 tutorial on Progressive Robot

How to Install Apache HTTP Server on RHEL 9

  • November 6, 2025
  • Linux
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Apache HTTP Server (httpd) is the most historically significant web server in the history of the internet, powering billions of websites since 1995. On RHEL 9, Apache is available as httpd from the AppStream repository and integrates with SELinux, firewalld, and systemd. Apache’s module architecture makes it highly extensible: mod_rewrite for URL manipulation, mod_ssl for […]

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