Introduction to Credential Guard Credential Guard is a Windows 10/Server 2019 virtualization-based security feature that isolates credential storage from the main operating system. Traditionally, the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) stores and manages credentials including NTLM password hashes, Kerberos tickets, and cleartext passwords (in some configurations). If an attacker gains kernel-level access or exploits […]
Introduction to NTLM Security NTLM (NT LAN Manager) is a challenge-response authentication protocol used by Windows when Kerberos is not available—for example when accessing resources by IP address instead of hostname, in workgroup environments, or when connecting to legacy systems. While Kerberos is the preferred protocol, NTLM is still present in virtually all Windows environments […]
Introduction to Kerberos Authentication Kerberos is the default authentication protocol for Windows domain environments. Introduced with Windows 2000 and continually improved in Windows Server 2019, Kerberos provides mutual authentication—both the client and the server verify each other’s identity—and uses tickets rather than transmitting passwords over the network. Understanding Kerberos is essential for troubleshooting authentication failures, […]
Introduction to Active Directory Trust Relationships Active Directory trust relationships allow users in one domain or forest to access resources in another domain or forest. Trusts are directional—a trust between Domain A and Domain B means users in Domain A can authenticate to Domain B (or vice versa, depending on direction). Windows Server 2019 supports […]
Introduction to Read-Only Domain Controllers A Read-Only Domain Controller (RODC) is a domain controller that hosts a read-only copy of the Active Directory database. RODCs were designed specifically for branch office scenarios where physical security cannot be guaranteed. If an RODC is stolen or compromised, the damage is limited because it holds no writable copy […]
Introduction to Active Directory Auditing Active Directory is the authentication and authorization backbone of most Windows enterprise environments. Any changes to AD objects—user creations, group membership changes, permission modifications, login failures—can indicate insider threats, compromised accounts, or misconfigurations. Windows Server 2019 provides granular auditing capabilities through Advanced Audit Policy that let you capture exactly what […]
Introduction to Ansible for Windows Server 2019 Ansible is an open-source IT automation platform developed by Red Hat that enables infrastructure as code for provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, and orchestration. While Ansible was originally designed for Linux management using SSH, it fully supports Windows Server 2019 management using WinRM (Windows Remote Management) as the […]
Introduction to PowerShell Remoting PowerShell Remoting enables administrators to run commands and scripts on remote Windows Server 2019 machines as if they were running locally. Based on the WS-Management protocol (WinRM) and the Web Services for Management (WSMan) standard, PowerShell Remoting provides encrypted, authenticated remote management over HTTP (port 5985) or HTTPS (port 5986). Unlike […]
Introduction to Privileged Access Management Privileged Access Management (PAM) is a security practice and set of technologies designed to protect privileged accounts and limit the attack surface exposed by administrative access. On Windows Server 2019, PAM can be implemented using Microsoft Identity Manager (MIM) PAM, which is the enterprise-grade solution, or through a layered approach […]
Introduction to Advanced Audit Policy Advanced Audit Policy Configuration in Windows Server 2019 provides granular control over security auditing beyond the basic nine audit categories available in legacy audit policy settings. Using Advanced Audit Policy, administrators can enable individual subcategories independently, allowing specific events to be audited without enabling entire categories that generate excessive log […]
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