Kubernetes separates storage provisioning (creating storage volumes) from storage consumption (using volumes in pods) through two resource types: PersistentVolumes (PVs) and PersistentVolumeClaims (PVCs). A PersistentVolume is a piece of storage in the cluster provisioned by an administrator or dynamically by a StorageClass. A PersistentVolumeClaim is a request for storage by a user — it specifies […]
Deploying an application to Kubernetes involves creating a set of resource objects that describe the desired state of the application — Kubernetes continuously works to make the actual state match this desired state. The core resources for most applications are: a Deployment (manages the desired number of running pod replicas and handles rolling updates), a […]
Helm is the package manager for Kubernetes — it allows defining, installing, and upgrading complex Kubernetes applications using charts, which are pre-configured packages of Kubernetes resource manifests. Instead of manually writing and applying dozens of YAML files for a complex application (deployments, services, config maps, secrets, ingress rules, RBAC), a single helm install command deploys […]
How to Configure IPsec for Server-to-Server Encryption on Windows Server 2012 R2 Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) provides authentication and encryption at the IP layer, ensuring that traffic between servers cannot be intercepted or tampered with even if an attacker has gained access to the network segment. On Windows Server 2012 R2, IPsec is configured through […]
How to Set Up RADIUS Authentication with NPS on Windows Server 2012 R2 Network Policy Server (NPS) is Microsoft’s implementation of a RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) server and proxy, included with Windows Server 2012 R2. NPS centralizes authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access—including VPN connections, 802.1X wired and wireless connections, dial-up connections, […]
How to Configure Kerberos Constrained Delegation on Windows Server 2012 R2 Kerberos delegation allows a service running under a specific account to impersonate a user and access other network resources on their behalf. Unconstrained delegation is dangerous because a compromised account can be used to impersonate any user to any service in the domain. Constrained […]
How to Configure Advanced Audit Policies on Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows Server 2012 R2 provides a granular audit policy framework through Advanced Audit Policy Configuration that goes far beyond the nine basic categories available in the legacy audit settings. With advanced auditing, you can control exactly which events are logged for each of 58 […]
How to Configure Windows Defender on Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows Defender on Windows Server 2012 R2 provides built-in antimalware protection that, when properly configured, delivers a solid first layer of defense without the cost of a third-party solution. Unlike the client-side Windows Defender in Windows 8.1, the server edition ships as a feature that […]
Podman Compose (podman-compose) is a Python implementation of the Docker Compose specification that uses Podman instead of Docker. It allows running existing docker-compose.yml / compose.yaml files with Podman’s rootless, daemon-less container engine. For teams migrating from Docker to Podman, podman-compose provides a familiar workflow with minimal configuration changes. Alternatively, Podman 4.0+ includes a native podman […]
Docker Compose transforms multi-container application deployment from a series of manual docker run commands into a declarative, version-controlled configuration. A production-ready Compose deployment includes health checks (to ensure services are truly ready before dependent services start), resource limits (to prevent runaway containers from consuming all host resources), restart policies (to automatically recover from failures), and […]
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