Let’s Encrypt provides free, automated TLS certificates that are trusted by all major browsers. Certbot is the official ACME client that handles certificate issuance and renewal against the Let’s Encrypt CA. On RHEL 9, Certbot is available through the EPEL repository, making integration with Nginx and Apache straightforward. This tutorial walks through installing Certbot, obtaining […]
Introduction Debian 13 Trixie is built around the ethos of stability and free software. Setting up install postgresql 17 on Trixie leverages the same proven Debian packaging system that powers millions of servers worldwide, while benefiting from the latest upstream releases included in the Trixie freeze. Follow each step carefully and the resulting configuration will […]
Traefik is a modern, cloud-native reverse proxy and load balancer that discovers routing rules dynamically from configuration files, Docker labels, or Kubernetes annotations — eliminating most of the manual virtual host configuration required by Nginx or Apache. Version 3 introduces improved middleware composition, better gRPC support, and enhanced ACME (Let’s Encrypt) certificate management. On RHEL […]
Introduction How to Install MySQL 8.4 on Debian 13 is a fundamental operation for any administrator maintaining a Debian 13 Trixie server. Debian 13 Trixie ships with the Linux 6.12 kernel, updated toolchains, and a fully refreshed package archive — meaning version numbers, configuration file paths, and some dependency chains differ from Debian 12. This […]
Keepalived implements the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) on Linux, allowing two or more servers to share a single virtual IP address (VIP). If the master server fails, the backup server automatically claims the VIP within seconds, providing high availability with no changes required on clients or DNS. On RHEL 9, Keepalived integrates cleanly with […]
Introduction How to Install MariaDB 11 on Debian 13 is a fundamental operation for any administrator maintaining a Debian 13 Trixie server. Debian 13 Trixie ships with the Linux 6.12 kernel, updated toolchains, and a fully refreshed package archive — meaning version numbers, configuration file paths, and some dependency chains differ from Debian 12. This […]
Standard Linux memory pages are 4 KB, and the kernel must maintain a Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) entry for each mapped page. Database systems that manage large shared memory segments — such as PostgreSQL’s shared_buffers, Oracle’s SGA, or MySQL’s InnoDB buffer pool — can create millions of TLB entries, causing frequent TLB misses that significantly […]
Introduction Deploying configure nginx with php-fpm on a Debian 13 Trixie machine is straightforward thanks to Debian’s policy-compliant packaging. Unlike rpm-based distributions, Debian stores configuration helpers in /etc/default/, uses update-rc.d for older init scripts, and provides dpkg-reconfigure for interactive package configuration. This tutorial stays on the systemd path throughout. Prerequisites Before you begin, ensure you […]
Introduction Debian 13 Trixie is built around the ethos of stability and free software. Setting up set up http/3 with nginx on Trixie leverages the same proven Debian packaging system that powers millions of servers worldwide, while benefiting from the latest upstream releases included in the Trixie freeze. Follow each step carefully and the resulting […]
The perf tool is the Linux kernel’s built-in performance analysis framework, capable of sampling CPU events, tracing system calls, counting hardware performance counters, and generating flame graphs — all without any changes to the application under test. On RHEL 9, perf integrates tightly with the kernel’s BPF and tracepoint subsystems, making it one of the […]
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