GitLab CI/CD is GitLab’s built-in continuous integration and delivery system that automatically runs pipelines when code is pushed to a repository. Unlike Jenkins (which requires a separate server and complex plugin configuration), GitLab CI/CD is fully integrated with the GitLab platform — pipelines are defined in a .gitlab-ci.yml file in the repository root and run […]
How to Set Up iSCSI Target Server on Windows Server 2012 R2 iSCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Interface) is a storage networking protocol that enables block-level storage access over a standard TCP/IP network. Windows Server 2012 R2 includes a built-in iSCSI Target Server role service that allows you to create and manage iSCSI targets — […]
GitLab Community Edition (CE) is a complete, self-hosted DevOps platform that combines Git repository hosting, issue tracking, CI/CD pipelines, container registry, and code review in a single application. Hosting GitLab internally gives organisations full control over their source code without relying on third-party services, making it the preferred choice for teams with data sovereignty requirements […]
Jenkins Pipeline (formerly Workflow) allows defining the entire CI/CD build, test, and deploy process as code in a Jenkinsfile committed to the source repository alongside the application code. This “Pipeline as Code” approach means the build process is version-controlled, reviewable via pull requests, and reproducible across environments. Jenkins supports two Pipeline syntaxes: Declarative Pipeline (structured, […]
How to Perform Disaster Recovery Testing on Windows Server 2012 R2 Disaster recovery testing is the systematic process of validating that your documented recovery procedures, backup data, and recovery time objectives are achievable when a real disaster strikes. Windows Server 2012 R2 provides the technologies needed to test DR scenarios comprehensively — Hyper-V for isolated […]
Jenkins is the most widely adopted open-source CI/CD automation server, used to build, test, and deploy software across thousands of organisations. It provides a large plugin ecosystem (1,800+ plugins) for integrating with virtually every version control system, build tool, test framework, and deployment target. Jenkins on RHEL 9 is typically deployed as a system service […]
The Kubernetes Dashboard is a general-purpose, web-based UI for Kubernetes clusters that allows users to manage applications, inspect cluster resources, view logs, and troubleshoot issues without using the kubectl CLI. It provides a visual overview of all workloads in the cluster — deployments, pods, services, ingress rules, storage, and RBAC configuration — making it accessible […]
By default, the Docker daemon socket (/var/run/docker.sock) is a Unix socket accessible only locally. When the Docker daemon needs to be accessible over the network — for remote Docker management, CI/CD pipelines connecting to a remote build host, or Docker Swarm cluster communication — TLS encryption must be configured to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks and unauthorised […]
Skopeo is a command-line tool for working with container images and container image registries without requiring a running container daemon or root privileges. While Docker requires docker pull to download an image locally before inspecting or copying it, Skopeo can copy images directly between registries, inspect image metadata without downloading the full image, and sign/verify […]
Secrets and environment variables in Docker containers require careful handling to avoid leaking credentials into image layers, container logs, or environment variable dumps. The most common mistakes are: hardcoding credentials in Dockerfiles (they persist in image layer history forever), passing secrets via –env or –env-file flags (visible in docker inspect output and the process environment), […]
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