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					&lt;div name="status-deprecated" data-unique="status-deprecated"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 id="status-deprecated"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Status:&lt;/strong&gt; Deprecated&lt;/h2&gt;

This article covers a version of Ubuntu that is no longer supported. If you are currently operate a server running Ubuntu 12.04, we highly recommend upgrading or migrating to a supported version of Ubuntu:

  • Upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04.
  • Upgrade from Ubuntu 14.04 to Ubuntu 16.04
  • Migrate the server data to a supported version

Reason: Ubuntu 12.04 reached end of life (EOL) on April 28, 2017 and no longer receives security patches or updates. This guide is no longer maintained.

Bower is a package management solution for front-end packages such as javascript libraries and css frameworks. It runs on Node.js and uses Git to fetch and install most packages. You can find a list of all the packages you can install using Bower.

In this tutorial we will install Bower on a VPS running Ubuntu 12.04. You should already have your own virtual private server, as well as Node.js and NPM (Node Packaged Modules) installed. If you don’t, follow the steps outlined in this tutorial to get you set up.

Install Bower on your VPS

install illustration for: Install Bower on your VPS

First thing is to install Git. For more information about this step, there is a great tutorial that you can follow– basically, you can install it with the following command:

				
					sudo apt-get install git-core

To install Bower run the following command (assuming Node.js and NPM are installed):

				
					npm install -g bower

Now that Bower is installed on your VPS, you can run the following for more information about available commands:

				
					bower help

If you are using the root user, please note that you need to append the following option to the command in order for it to run: –allow-root:

				
					bower help --allow-root

Using Bower in your Project

Let’s see how we can use Bower to manage package dependency for your project.

Navigate to your web server’s root directory:

				
					cd /var/www

Create a new folder and navigate inside:

				
					mkdir project

cd project

This will be the project’s root directory. Let’s say it will use Twitter Bootstrap. We can use it by downloading the zip file and unpacking the files on the cloud server. However with Bower, we can turn our project into a package, declare Bootstrap as a dependency, and have Bower fetch it for us. For this we need a file called bower.json that will list the dependencies. In here, we will include Bootstrap.

So create a new file called bower.json in the root of your project:

				
					nano /var/www/project/bower.json

and paste in the following:

				
					{

  "name": "my-project",

  "dependencies": {

    "bootstrap": "&gt;= 3.0.0"

  }

}

Save the file and exit. Our project now has Bootstrap 3.0 (or higher) set as a dependency. To have Bower fetch and install it, as well as all other dependencies you may want to declare, run the following command (remember to add –allow-root if you are operating as the root user):

				
					bower install

You’ll now notice that a new folder was created in your project called bower_components where you’ll see two new folders: bootstrap and jquery (the latter is also installed because Bootstrap requires jQuery). So that’s pretty cool.

If you want to see which packages you have already installed on your VPS in the project, run the following command:

				
					bower list

If you want this list to contain the paths to the files you need to include in the application you are building (i.e. the relevant .js or .css files), add the –paths option:

				
					bower list --paths

Another way to install a package is by using the install command and specifying the actual package you want installed on your VPS. So let’s create another project folder and install Bootstrap there:

				
					cd /var/www

mkdir project2

cd project2

Now that we are in the new project folder, run the following command:

				
					bower install bootstrap

You’ll see the same effect happen and in a much faster way. Note that you can use Bower in this way to install virtually anything at the end of a git endpoint or URL not necessarily found on the Bower components website. So for instance, running the same command but replacing bootstrap with a git address would fetch that git project:

				
					bower install git://github.com/someone/some-package.git

Or even a zip file that would get extracted into the folder:

				
					bower install http://www.example.com/package.zip

To uninstall a package you had installed locally for your project, you can run the following command:

				
					bower uninstall bootstrap

You should, of course, replace bootstrap with the name of the project you’d like uninstalled.